Tuesday, March 19, 2019

The TAVR Procedure and Other Medical Advances

During my 50 years of medical practice I've witnessed some pretty dramatic changes. As examples I can still recall the amazement I felt the first time I saw the results of coronary angiograms before and after angioplasty showing blockages eliminated. Likewise when I first viewed a 3 dimensional echocardiogram showing the ventricles contracting and the valves moving inside the heart. These things have advanced greatly and are now commonplace, matter of fact techniques but were breathtaking events at the time.

 

Even so for a new report I just saw from the ongoing annual American College of Cardiology meeting regarding the TAVR procedure, the technique of replacing a constricted aortic valve, the main one leading from the heart, by a device passed by a catheter from the groin instead of by a major surgical procedure. The procedure, initially restricted to those who were too frail to undergo surgery, has been  advancing in its use over a few short years. New studies reported in the meeting indicate that it is working as well or better than the surgical approach in low risk patients as well. There are some lingering questions about how long the replaced valves will function. However there is no doubt that treatment of this lethal condition, which was a death sentence at the start of my career, is being transformed before our eyes to one which will be easily treated, perhaps without even a hospital stay.

 

I've seen many other similar medical miracles in other areas, but this one caught my eye and I couldn't resist mentioning it. What a privilege it has been to be a participant in applying these advances as they've come along to patients. But mostly I have to give tribute and profess the greatest admiration to the pioneers and innovators who are inspired to seek new ways and go through the very difficult process of developing their dreams for the benefit of the rest of us.

 

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Sunday, March 10, 2019

Lilly and the Price of Insulin

I just saw a New York Times article reporting that Lilly company has decided that they would be selling an authorized generic version of their rapid acting insulin, Humalog, for $135 a vial. The actual brand name version, for those paying out of pocket, is around $330 at your local pharmacy. You can print out a discount coupon from GoodRx that lets you pay $177. A vial might last the average diabetic about a month.

 

Humalog came out in the mid 1990's. The price has ramped up exponentially in the past few years. Pretty obviously they can actually produce this insulin at a far lower price. There are 2 other major companies producing very similar rapid acting insulin brands, but they all sell in the same price range. Why isn't competition working? Well I think mostly it's the same reason that medical costs generally are too high – that most of us pay for medical items indirectly and so at the point of sale the cost to the customer is only a small amount of copay. In medical care, prices are not set by the market, but instead by negotiations with third party payers, insurance companies and government. As in any negotiation the initial seller's price is set high to be  negotiated downward. Those who don't pay through third parties are left holding the bag.

 

The market works differently. Prices, except for very high ticket items like cars and houses, are not negotiated but are fixed and consumers choose from competing options. All other things being equal they flock to the lowest price, forcing prices down and in this case leaving the high priced seller holding the bag.

 

But payment for medical care is changing. Although more of us are insured, there's a great increase in high deductible insurance. I think it's this factor, and the public pressure resulting from it, that is forcing Lilly to relent. One thing worth noting in all of this is that older types of insulin, regular and NPH are still available at a price of about $28 a vial. These are less convenient but perfectly effective, so that there is no reason whatsoever for anyone to get sick or die for lack of insulin. Nevertheless, when I was still in practice, seeing a lot of diabetics taking insulin, almost everybody was paying through third parties and very few took advantage of these cheaper varieties. On the other hand in the free clinic where I volunteer, where no one has insurance, they're the only insulins we prescribe.

 

Just to put everything in perspective I want to point out that Dr Banting, who received the Nobel prize for working out the initial extraction and production of effective insulin in the early 1920's, was totally swamped by requests for his product from all over the world by desperate sufferers. He worked out an arrangement with the newly organized Eli Lilly company, which in the space of about 2 years, with the use of effective production techniques, was making enough to supply everybody.

 

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Monday, March 4, 2019

Of Men and Monkeys

Here's something that puzzles me.

If monkeys evolved into men, how come we still have monkeys.

I asked Mr. Google about it, and I find that there is lots of debate about the question. The usual response seems to be that men did not evolve from monkeys but instead both men and monkeys evolved from a common ancestor.

OK then if that's how it works, how come there were just two branches and not a whole bunch of intermediate creatures.(Maybe we do have them - they're called liberals!)

Couldn't resist kidding my liberal friends, but the question is serious even if it seems dumb to any real biologists.

 

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